Dashboards Organization

Introduction

Organizing dashboards effectively is a critical skill for anyone working with Grafana. As monitoring systems grow in complexity, a well-structured approach to dashboard organization becomes essential. This guide will walk you through the principles and best practices of organizing Grafana dashboards to create maintainable, scalable, and user-friendly monitoring solutions.

Why Dashboard Organization Matters

When you're just starting with Grafana, you might create a few dashboards without much thought to organization. However, as your monitoring needs grow, you'll likely encounter these common problems:

• Dashboard sprawl: Too many dashboards with no clear structure
• Inconsistent naming: Difficulty finding specific dashboards
• Duplication: Similar dashboards created by different teams
• Maintenance challenges: Updates requiring changes across multiple dashboards
• Poor user experience: Users struggling to find relevant information quickly

Good dashboard organization solves these problems and provides numerous benefits:

• Improves discoverability of monitoring information
• Reduces duplication and maintenance overhead
• Creates a consistent user experience
• Scales with growing infrastructure
• Enables team collaboration

Core Principles of Dashboard Organization

Hierarchical Structure

Grafana provides several organizational constructs that help create a logical hierarchy:

• Folders: Group related dashboards
• Dashboard naming conventions: Establish a consistent naming pattern
• Tags: Add metadata for filtering and searching
• Dashboard variables: Create dynamic, reusable dashboards

Let's look at implementing a hierarchical structure:

Implementing Folders

Folders serve as the primary organizational unit in Grafana. Here's how to create and manage them:

1. Navigate to the Dashboards section
2. Click on "New Folder"
3. Name your folder following your organization's convention
4. Set appropriate permissions for the folder

Example folder structure:

Grafana
├── Infrastructure
│   ├── Compute
│   ├── Network
│   ├── Storage
│   └── Databases
├── Applications
│   ├── Frontend
│   ├── Backend
│   ├── API Services
│   └── Batch Jobs
├── Business Metrics
│   ├── User Activity
│   ├── Conversions
│   └── Revenue
└── SRE
    ├── SLOs
    ├── Error Budgets
    └── Incidents

Naming Conventions

Establishing a consistent naming convention makes dashboards easier to find and understand. Common patterns include:

• [Team] - [Application] - [Purpose]
• [Environment] - [Service] - [Metrics Type]
• [Business Unit] - [Function] - [Detail Level]

Example naming convention implementation:

Dashboard Name	Description
SRE - API Services - Overview	High-level view of all API services for SRE team
Infrastructure - Databases - PostgreSQL Details	Detailed metrics for PostgreSQL databases
Business - User Engagement - Daily Active Users	Business metrics tracking daily active users

Using Tags Effectively

Tags provide additional metadata for filtering and searching dashboards:

javascript

// Example dashboard JSON snippet showing tags
{
  "title": "API Performance Dashboard",
  "tags": ["api", "performance", "sre", "production"],
  // other dashboard properties...
}

Best practices for tagging:

• Use consistent tag naming (lowercase, no spaces)
• Limit the number of tags (5-10 max)
• Create tag categories (environment, team, service, etc.)
• Document your tagging strategy

Practical Dashboard Organization Patterns

The Overview-Detail Pattern

This pattern creates a hierarchy of dashboards from high-level overviews to detailed drill-downs:

1. Overview Dashboard: Shows high-level health metrics across systems
2. Service/Component Dashboards: Mid-level metrics for specific services
3. Detail Dashboards: Deep-dive metrics for troubleshooting

Implementation example:

Dashboard Links for Navigation

Create a network of linked dashboards to enable easy navigation:

javascript

// Dashboard JSON snippet showing dashboard links
{
  "links": [
    {
      "title": "Related Dashboards",
      "type": "dashboards",
      "tags": ["api", "performance"],
      "asDropdown": true,
      "includeVars": true,
      "keepTime": true
    },
    {
      "title": "Service Documentation",
      "type": "link",
      "url": "https://internal-docs/api-service",
      "targetBlank": true
    }
  ]
}

Template Variables for Dynamic Dashboards

Use template variables to create reusable dashboards that work across different environments, services, or instances:

javascript

// Dashboard JSON snippet showing template variables
{
  "templating": {
    "list": [
      {
        "name": "environment",
        "type": "custom",
        "options": [
          {"text": "production", "value": "production"},
          {"text": "staging", "value": "staging"},
          {"text": "development", "value": "development"}
        ],
        "current": {"text": "production", "value": "production"}
      },
      {
        "name": "service",
        "type": "query",
        "query": "label_values(service_name)",
        "refresh": 1
      }
    ]
  }
}

To implement in your dashboard:

1. Create template variables in the dashboard settings
2. Use these variables in your queries with syntax like $environment or ${service}
3. Users can then select different values from dropdown menus

Example query using template variables:

sum(rate(http_requests_total{environment="$environment", service="$service"}[5m])) by (route)

Implementing Dashboard Organization at Scale

Creating Dashboard Standards

Establish dashboard standards across teams:

1. Style guide: Consistent colors, units, and thresholds
2. Panel patterns: Standard ways to display specific metrics
3. Documentation: Required information in dashboard descriptions
4. Refresh rates: Appropriate refresh intervals for different data types

Using Dashboard Provisioning

For larger organizations, manage dashboards as code using Grafana's provisioning capabilities:

yaml

# Example dashboard provisioning configuration (grafana.ini)
[dashboards]
# Path to the JSON files that contain the dashboard definitions
provisioning_path = /etc/grafana/provisioning/dashboards

# Example provider configuration (providers.yaml)
apiVersion: 1
providers:
- name: 'default'
  orgId: 1
  folder: 'Infrastructure'
  type: file
  disableDeletion: false
  updateIntervalSeconds: 60
  options:
    path: /etc/grafana/dashboards/infrastructure

This approach allows you to:

• Version control your dashboards
• Review dashboard changes through PRs
• Automate dashboard deployment
• Ensure consistency across environments

Dashboard Management Tools

Consider using these tools for managing dashboards at scale:

1. Grafonnet: A library for generating Grafana dashboards using Jsonnet
2. Grizzly: A tool for managing Grafana resources as code
3. Grafana Terraform Provider: Manage Grafana through Terraform

Example Grafonnet code to generate a dashboard:

javascript

local grafana = import 'grafonnet/grafana.libsonnet';
local dashboard = grafana.dashboard;
local row = grafana.row;
local prometheus = grafana.prometheus;
local template = grafana.template;

dashboard.new(
  'API Service Dashboard',
  tags=['api', 'service'],
  time_from='now-6h',
)
.addTemplate(
  template.new(
    'environment',
    'prometheus',
    'label_values(environment)',
    label='Environment',
    refresh='time',
  )
)
.addRow(
  row.new(title='Request Rate')
  .addPanel(
    grafana.graphPanel.new(
      'Requests per Second',
      datasource='prometheus',
      format='ops',
      min=0,
    )
    .addTarget(
      prometheus.target(
        'sum(rate(http_requests_total{environment="$environment"}[5m])) by (service)',
      )
    )
  )
)

Real-World Organization Examples

E-Commerce Monitoring Structure

This example shows how an e-commerce company might organize their dashboards:

Grafana
├── Business
│   ├── Sales Overview
│   ├── Product Performance
│   ├── Customer Journey
│   └── Conversion Funnel
├── Applications
│   ├── Website Overview
│   ├── Checkout Service
│   ├── Inventory System
│   └── Payment Processing
├── Infrastructure
│   ├── Kubernetes Clusters
│   ├── Database Performance
│   ├── Cache Systems
│   └── Message Queues
└── SRE
    ├── SLO Dashboard
    ├── Error Budget Tracking
    ├── Incident Response
    └── On-Call Overview

Each dashboard uses the naming convention [Area] - [Service] - [Purpose] and includes relevant tags.

SaaS Application Monitoring

For a SaaS application, you might organize dashboards like this:

1. Overview Dashboard: Key metrics across all systems

   • User activity
   • System health
   • Error rates
   • Performance metrics

2. Per-Service Dashboards:

   • Authentication Service
   • API Gateway
   • Data Processing
   • Storage Service

3. Customer Experience Dashboards:

   • Sign-up flow
   • Core feature usage
   • Error experience
   • Performance by user segment

4. Infrastructure Dashboards:

   • Database performance
   • Kubernetes cluster metrics
   • Network performance
   • Cloud resource utilization

Common Dashboard Organization Anti-Patterns

Avoid these common mistakes:

1. The "Everything Dashboard": Cramming too much information into a single dashboard
2. Inconsistent naming: Using different naming patterns across dashboards
3. No folder structure: Putting all dashboards in the root folder
4. Static dashboards: Creating separate dashboards for each instance instead of using variables
5. Undocumented dashboards: Lack of descriptions or context for panels

Best Practices Summary

1. Create a logical hierarchy: Use folders to group related dashboards
2. Establish naming conventions: Make dashboards easy to find and understand
3. Implement tagging: Add metadata for filtering and searching
4. Build navigable paths: Create links between related dashboards
5. Use template variables: Make dashboards reusable across environments
6. Define standards: Create consistency across all dashboards
7. Manage as code: Version control and automate dashboard management
8. Document everything: Add context to help users understand the data
9. Review regularly: Clean up unused or outdated dashboards
10. Get feedback: Continuously improve based on user experience

Exercises

1. Dashboard Audit: Review your current Grafana instance and identify opportunities for better organization.
2. Folder Structure: Design a folder structure that matches your organization's teams and services.
3. Template Variables: Convert a static dashboard to use template variables for environment and service selection.
4. Dashboard as Code: Create a simple dashboard using Grafonnet or the Grafana Terraform provider.
5. Navigation Network: Implement dashboard links to create a connected network of dashboards.

Additional Resources

• Grafana Documentation: Dashboard Management
• Grafana Blog: Best Practices for Creating Dashboards
• GitHub: Grafonnet Library
• GitHub: Grizzly Dashboard Manager
• Terraform: Grafana Provider

Summary

Effective dashboard organization is essential for creating scalable, maintainable monitoring systems in Grafana. By implementing a logical folder structure, consistent naming conventions, and proper tagging, you can make it easier for users to find the information they need. Template variables and dashboard links create a more dynamic, connected experience, while provisioning and management tools help maintain consistency as your monitoring needs grow.

Remember that dashboard organization is not a one-time task but an ongoing process. Regularly review your dashboards, gather user feedback, and refine your organization strategy to ensure your Grafana instance remains valuable and usable as it scales.